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Corpus Luteum Rupture is a common phenomenon in pregnant women with presentation that varies from no symptoms to symptoms indicating an acute abdomen. Any abnormality or sequelae can vary from one patient to another. Resolution of Corpus Luteum Rupture may be most often spontaneous in nature. In severe cases of ruptured corpus luteum, intraperitoneal hemorrhage and even death of the patient may occur. Although most patients of ruptured corpus luteum need only careful medical observation, some special and severe cases require laparotomy or laparoscopy for achieving hemostasis.
Pathophysiology of Corpus Luteum Rupture
Every month, the rupture of a mature ovarian follicle takes place that releases an ovum for starting the process of fertilization. At times, this rupture of the corpus luteum site may start bleeding, thus causing pain in the abdomen and showing signs of hemorrhage. The cause behind this increased bleeding is still unknown, although anticoagulation treatments and abdominal trauma can increase the risk involved.
Corpus luteum cyst
The rupture of corpus luteum takes place mainly because of the corpus luteum cyst, which may rupture during the time of menstruation and can take a period of three months to disappear entirely. This functional cyst occurs after the release of an egg from a follicle. The follicle then takes shape of a new, temporary little secretory gland known as a corpus luteum. The ruptured follicle then starts producing large amount of progesterone and estrogen as a preparation for conception. If there is no pregnancy, then, usually, the corpus luteum breaks down and disappears.
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However, this may fill with fluid or blood by causing the corpus luteum to expand into a cyst and get stationed on the ovary. Generally, this cyst occurs only at one side and does not give rise to any symptoms. The cyst can grow to almost 4 inches in diameter and has the potentiality to twist the ovary or bleed into itself. If it gets filled with blood, the corpus luteum rupture occurs by leading to sudden internal bleeding associated with sharp pain. The fertility drug named clomiphene citrate, which is used for inducing ovulation, leads to increased risk of a corpus luteum cyst occurring after ovulation.
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The corpus luteum cysts do not damage, threaten, or prevent a resulting pregnancy. Women taking birth control pills, mostly, do not form the corpus luteum cyst. In fact, these contraceptive pills work as a preventive measure against the formation of these cysts.
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