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Dysmenorrhea, popularly known as painful menstruation or cramps is the dull pain, which occurs in the lower abdomen or pelvis during menstruation. About 50% of women having menstruation suffer from Dysmenorrhea. The pain may either precede or occur during menstruation and lessens after menstruation is over.
Causes of Dysmenorrhea
During menstruation, contraction of uterus takes place. Prostaglandins which often causes pain and inflammation leads to the contraction of the muscles of the uterus. Most medical practitioners are of the opinion that prostaglandins are responsible for dysmenorrhea. Leukotriene results in inflammation and increase in level of such substances may often lead to dysmenorrhea.
Symptoms of Dysmenorrhea
Primary dysmenorrhea begins in the first year of menstruation cycle. Cramps are common among the women in their 20s. Such cramps tend to lessen after pregnancy. Secondary cramps may develop at any stage of life. Sometimes they tend to occur at the later phase of life.
The most common symptom of dysmenorrhea is a dull pain in the lower abdomen. Such abdominal pains are often accompanied with pain in thigh and lower back region. Nausea and vomiting, sweating and dizziness are also some of the common symptoms of dysmenorrhea.
Diagnosis of Dysmenorrhea
Doctors usually try to know the medical history of the patients and conduct certain physical examinations. The patient has to undergo pelvic examination during which they have a thorough check up of the reproductive organs. For proper diagnosis of secondary dysmenorrhea imaging tests like Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computerized Tomography are conducted.
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Laproscopy or surgical examination of abdominal cavity helps in the diagnosis of this gynecological problem. During laproscopy a fiber optic tube containing a camera lens is used to detect the cause of dysmenorrhea. The doctors sometimes rely on the hysteroscopy for examination of cervical canal for screening.
Treatment of Dysmenorrhea
For proper treatment of dysmenorrhea, the underlying causes need to be diagnosed first. Antibiotics are sometimes prescribed in accordance with the cause. The Nonsteriodal Anti Inflammatory Drugs like Advil, Motrin, Aspirin or Naproxen can give relief from dysmenorrhea.
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| Oral contraceptives of low dose are recommended by the doctors for reduction of prostaglandins which is sometimes regarded as the leading factor for dysmenorrhea.Progestational agents, hormonal contraception, GnRH agonists, danazol are suggested for dysmenorrhea. Self care schemes are advised by doctors as they are help to get relief from the discomfort caused by dysmenorrhea.
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