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Struma Ovarii is the condition in women when there is the presence of a thyroid tissue as a major cellular component in the women’s ovary as ovarian tumor, mostly a teratoma. Among the types of ovarian tumors, the proportion of teratomas ranges widely from 1 percent to 12 percent. Struma Ovarii most commonly occurs between the ages of 40 and 60 years. Women suffering from struma ovarii usually have a pelvic mass, or associated with less frequent hyperthyroidism or ascites.
In the year 1899, Struma Ovarii was described for the first time. This is an extremely rare type of gynecological problem with only 150 reported cases in the whole medical literature. Due to the presence of thyroid tissue in the ovary, there is the question of malignancy in Struma Ovarii. The definition of Struma Ovarii is: when there is an ovarian tumor in a woman that contains thyroid tissue as its predominant cell types, is termed as struma ovarii. Though it typically occurs as a part of a teratoma, occasionally it may also be encountered with mucinous cystadenomas or serous.
Even if malignant transformation of this ovarian tumor is rare, it is mostly defined on histological criteria. Benign struma ovarii is a rare type of thyroid tissue implants throughout the peritoneal cavity. Strumal carcinoid or malignant Struma Ovarii can be defined by the presence of carcinoid tissue within a struma, which is exceptionally a rare case.
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Patho-physiology of Struma Ovarii
Under gross examination, the struma or tumor is a brown or green-brown colored solid. It can be partly or completely cystic in nature, filled with a type of gelatinous fluid. The contralateral ovary can contain another tumor, the rarely the struma is bilateral. Most of the struma ovarii tissue is not functionally active. The cases associated with thyrotoxicosis may be due to the autoimmune stimulation of the normal thyroid gland.
Radioiodine Therapy for Malignant Struma Ovarii
Women suffering from functional metastatic struma ovarii have been effectively treated with radioiodine therapy. This therapy is analogous to its use in the treatment of metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
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| Since these types are rare ones, there is no such universal exact protocol for treatment and follow-up for the patients suffering from malignant Struma Ovarii. Struma ovarii is a highly specialized type of mature ovarian tumor. It can be diagnosed only when thyroid tissue becomes a predominant element.
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