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Vaginal cancer and metastatic of other body organs are the major diseases of vagina that can be malignant in nature. Primary vaginal cancer usually originates from the vagina. However the treatment of vaginal cancer differs according to the region of vagina effected by cancer. Treatment of vaginal cancer differs according to patient and stage of cancer. Surgical treatment of vaginal cancer is the only option left if the case is too serious.
Treatment of vaginal cancer depends upon the following factors:
- general health of the person suffering from vaginal cancer.
- The stage of cancer.
- Whether the cancer is malignant or not.
- If the patient has undergone any pelvic radiation.
- Whether the person has uterus or has undergone hysterectomy.
After a careful analysis of the preceeding factors, the doctors prescribes proper treatment. Surgical treatment of vaginal cancer is the most recommended treatment. However in the recent years chemotherapy and radiation therapy is widely used for treatment of vaginal cancer. New treatments like radiosensitizers are also suggested for killing the tumor cells.
Surgery for vaginal cancer
In majority of the cases the doctors advise surgical treatment. However there are a wide variety of surgical treatments of vaginal cancer which depend on the stage and type of cancer.
- Laser surgery- In case of laser surgery, laser beams are used for removal of a surface of lesion or abnormal tissue which is cancerous or may become malignant in course of time. Laser beams are also utilized for removing the layers of tumors. The entire laser treatment takes place without bloodshed.
- Vaginectomy- The surgical treatment by which parts of vagina or the entire vagina is removed. The removal depends on the position and stage of vaginal cancer.
- Wide Local Excision- The doctors may sometime take the aid of wide local excision in order to remove the cancer cells or other healthy tissues that are effected by cancer.
- Lymphadenectomy- Sometimes the surgeons may remove some portions of lymph node and place them under microscope for examination. Such surgical procedure is commonly known as lymph node dissection. If the lower vagina is affected by cancer then the lymph node present in the groin is removed. On the other hands lymph nodes of pelvic region have to be removed if there is an instance of upper vaginal cancer.
- Total hysterectomy- The surgeons also recommend removal of uterus with cervix in case of vaginal cancer. Vaginal hysterectomy refers to the removal of cervix and uterus through the vaginal tract. Such surgical removal of uterus and cervix may take place in two different ways. Sometimes the cervix and uterus are taken out by making an incision in the abdominal region with the help of laproscope. Such operation is referred to as laproscopic hysterectomy. Abdominal hysterectomy, on the other hand refers to removal of the cervix and uterus are removed by making an incision in the abdomen.
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- Pelvic extenteration- Surgical treatment of vaginal cancer is often associated with removal of rectum, bladder and lower colon. Cervix, ovaries, vagina and even the surrounding lymph nodes are removed through surgery. In case of pelvic extenteration artificial openings known as stoma are created through which stool and urine flowing from the body are collected in a bag.
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