Uterine Rupture in Pregnancy is a rare incidence whereby there is a tear in the wall of the uterus, mainly at the site of an earlier c-section incision. In the case a complete uterine rupture, the consequences can be calamitous for mother as well as the baby. When the tear goes right through all layers of the uterine it is said to be a complete rupture of the uterine, which is life threatening for mother and child. The majority of uterine ruptures happen during labor, although they can also occur during pregnancy. Uterine Rupture in Pregnancy is comparatively rare and is especially uncommon in women who have never had caesarean delivery, an earlier rupture, or any other uterine surgery.
Symptoms of Uterine Rupture in Pregnancy
The first symptom of a uterine rupture is generally an abnormality in the heart rate of the baby. This is the reason why a woman undergoing a vaginal birth after a previous cesarean, or VBAC, requires constant fetal monitoring. The other symptoms of uterine rupture in pregnancy seen in a mother may include abdominal pain, rapid pulse, vaginal bleeding, and signs of shock. The mother may also experience pain in her chest as a result of irritation to the diaphragm due to internal bleeding.
Causes of Uterine Rupture in Pregnancy
There are various causes that result in uterine rupture in pregnancy. One of the most common risk factor is a uterine scar from an earlier previous cesarean delivery. Studies have estimated that women who have had one c-section with the characteristic low-transverse uterine incision face less than one percent risk of uterine rupture during pregnancy. On the other hand, women are at a much higher risk of rupture if they had a classical c-section, whereby the incision is made vertically to the upper part of the uterus.
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Another cause for uterine rupture in pregnancy is due to an earlier uterine surgery like an operation to remove fibroids or repair a previous rupture or even to correct a misshapen uterus. Other than prior uterine surgery, there are also other factors that may lead to a rupture in the uterine during pregnancy. These include having had over five full-term pregnancies or a woman with an overdistended uterus. The use of Pitocin and other labor-inducing medications such as prostaglandins can also increase the risk of uterine rupture in pregnancy.
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