Vanishing Twin Syndrome is condition whereby a fetus in a multi-gestation pregnancy dies in the utero and is completely or partly partially reabsorbed by the mother. Vanishing twin syndrome is the detection of a multifetal gestation with the consequent disappearance of one or more fetuses. In case the fetus is completely absorbed by the mother, there are generally no further problems that are seen during pregnancy, except for the first trimester vaginal bleeding. On the other hand if this phenomenon takes place in the second or third trimester, there may be severe complications such as infection caused by the demise of the fetus, premature labor, and hemorrhage.
The incidence of multifetal gestation at conception is higher compared to their occurrence noted during birth. Since the use of ultrasonography, cases of vanishing twin syndrome have been diagnosed more regularly. The incidence of a vanishing twin is also sometimes referred to as twin embolisation syndrome. In vitro fertilization techniques have led to a better appreciation of vanishing twin syndrome. By using these techniques, the pregnancies are monitored closely and you can also detect the number of implanted fertilized eggs. Vanishing twin syndrome takes place in 21 to 30% of multifetal gestation and may not even be detected in most cases.
Often the causes of vanishing twin syndrome are not known; though, this condition may occur more frequently in fetuses with chromosomal or genetic deformity. In some cases, inappropriate cord implantation may also be one of the causes of vanishing twin syndrome. Research has shown that women over 30 years of age are at a higher risk of facing vanishing twin syndrome. Also this syndrome occurs frequently in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. The complications related to sharing a placenta between monochorionic monozygotic twins can also result in the condition.
Through ultrasonography, doctors can diagnose early twin pregnancy and with a follow-up ultrasonography the pregnancy loss is detected.
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There are other tests carried out after the diagnosis of vanishing twin syndrome. In case of vanishing twin syndrome, proper medical care is prescribed and the mother is closely monitored. There is no special medical necessary for uncomplicated cases of vanishing twin syndrome. The living twin ought to receive specialized medical care after proper examination. There are a number of complications related to vanishing twin syndrome. Some of these complications include Cerebral palsy, associated congenital anomalies and Cutis aplasia.
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