Therapeutic hormonal agents are used extensively worldwide. Such agents are derived from genetically engineered DNA technology. Erythropoietin production is closely associated with the study of mammalian cell culture. This hormone plays a major part in the production of red blood cells in human bone marrow. Also referred to as EPO, Erythropoietin belongs to the hormonal class of glycoprotein. Go through this informative article to cram authentic information on the production of Erythropoietin.
Erythropoietin production is of great importance for the steady inflow of oxygen into the blood vessels. When the red blood cells number drop off below the normal level, the process of Erythropoietin production initiates. EPO is primarily synthesized in the renal cortex region. Peritubular fibroblasts are responsible for the production of EPO. The procedure is based on a feedback mechanism amounting to oxygen generation in blood. The hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are key transcription factors with regards to the synthesis of Erythropoietin.
Medical researches have proved that liver is the primary production cell of Erythropoietin. Liver plays an instrumental role in the synthesis of this hormone during the initial phases. EPO production is a common occurrence in many other species as well. It is basically seen in adult animals. Regardless of age, hepatocytes are the primary cellular zones in the liver where EPO genes tend to multiply themselves. In addition to this, it's evident that at least one extra type of nonparenchymal cell triggers the production of Erythropoietin.
The nonparenchymal cell responsible for formulating EPO may refer to Kupffer cell.
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However, this theory is yet to be established on the basis of concrete scientific evidence. The mechanisms of Kupffer cells in relation to Erythropoietin production are not yet understood fully. The theory, as of now, is based on indirect evidences drawn from experimental analysis.
Medical experiments have been carried out to find out the exact causes of hepatic EPO synthesis and the operational features associated with it. There is no denying the fact that EPO plays a pivotal role in the supply of oxygen in the blood. Experiments have been made with suffused livers, hepatoma cells and mixed liver cells to establish the theory that intracellular oxygen monitors do exist in human body. These experiments have also proved that external factors are not a prerequisite for oxygen generation. Our body is self-equipped with this mechanism.
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