The Follicle stimulating hormone or FSH is one of the most important gonadotrophic hormones. This hormone is secreted and synthesized by the gonadotropes in the anterior pituitary gland. FSH and Lutenizing Hormone both are supplementary and complementary to each other and without their harmonious functioning reproductive system of both men and women cannot function properly. In a very comprehensive way here we are providing you with requisite details about the Follicle Stimulating Hormone.
In females secretion of FSH in the ovary stimulates the growth of Graafian follicles to their maturity. As these follicles start growing, it produces inhibin and stops production of FSH at required time. In case of males, the Follicle stimulating hormone increases the production of androgen-binding protein from the Sertoli cells of the testes which is very essential for spermatogenesis.
Like most of the gonadotrophic hormones, the FSH is also glycoprotine in nature and each monomeric unit of this hormone is a protine molecule which sugar attached to it. Potine dimer of this hormone contains two polypeptide units, which are labeled as alpha and beta subunits. Structurally, alpha subunits of this hormone are similar to each other and contain 92 amino acids and beta subunits of contain 118 amino acids. Sugar part of these subunits contains various chemical compounds, such as galactose, fucose, galactosamine, mannose, glucosamine, and sialic acid.
Activities of Follicle stimulating hormone are of pervasive in nature and in the reproductive system of human beings, their importance is undeniable. Mainly, this hormone is responsible for development and controlling pubertol maturation, growth and reproductive processes of human body. In both male and females, maturation of germ cells are done by the FSH. These germ cells are part of germline and are associated with reproduction of organisms.
Follicle stimulating hormone is most effective in the female body and it commences follicular growth. It affects specifically the granulosa cells and later on, with consequent rise in inibin level, secretion rate of FSH declines gradually and finally ceases completely.
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When the luteal phase almost ends, a tiny rise in FSH is observed this slight rise signifies commencement of next ovulatory cycle. Hypo and hyper secretion of this hormone causes several ailments to human body. Due to hyper secretion troubles like Premature Ovarian Failure or Premature menopause, Swyer syndrome, Testicular failure, Gonadal dysgenesis and various other diseases can happen. And hypo secretion of FSH causes disease like Hypothalamic suppression, Gonadotropin deficiency, Hyperprolactinemia, Kallmann syndrome and Gonadotropin deficiency.
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