The usage of Insulin has gained importance, owing to the treatment of several forms of diabetes mellitus. The requirement range of blood glucose (blood sugar) is very narrow. The Insulin production and Glucagon are responsible for keeping this low range of blood glucose. Both Insulin and Glucagon are secreted from the Pancreas and is also referred to as pancreatic endocrine hormones. Its the Insulin production or even Glucagon production by pancreas which is responsible for determining whether the patient is suffering from diabetes, hypoglycemia, or any other sugar related problem. The human pancreas is an amazing organ. It is responsible for Insulin secretion which helps in the regulation of metabolism and also producing pancreatic digestive enzymes.
It is a known fact that the synthesis of Insulin begins in the Pancreas within the beta cells of islets of Langerhans. About one to three millions of pancreatic islets actually form the pancreatic endocrine part, the status of Pancreas being an exocrine gland. The endocrine portion accounts for 2 percent pf the total pancreatic mass. The beta cells within islets of Langerhans comprises of about 60 to 80 percent of all the cells. In beta cells, Insulin production takes place from proinsulin precursor molecule by proteolytic enzyme action. These enzymes are known as prohormone convertases (PC1 and PC2), as well as the exoprotease carboxypeptidase E. The proinsulin modification actually removes the center portion of the molecule or C-peptide from C- and N- terminal ends of proinsulin. The remaining polypeptides (51 amino acids in total), the B- and A- chains are bound together by bonds of disulfide. The primary sequence of proinsulin is quite confusing enough and goes in the order of "B-C-A". The B and A chains are identified on the basis of mass after the discovery of C peptide.
There are several steps involved for the regulation of Insulin production. These steps are taken along the synthesis pathway. Take a look at the following steps, when production of insulin is regulated:
- At transcription from the insulin gene
- In m RNA stability
- At the m RNA translation
- In the post translational modifications
There are several other substances which are known to stimulate the release of Insulin.
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This includes amino acids from ingested proteins, acetylcholine which is released from vagus nerve endings.
Pregnancyxl.com informs you about Insulin Production, to know more on the other hormones which play major role in Pregnancy, do keep browsing other pages of the site. Navigate your way through good health!
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